B.F. Goodrich TCAS791 Manuel

$5.00 U.S.

Traffic Alert and Collision

Avoidance System I

Pilot’s Guide

for the

Model TCAS791

Eyes That Never Blink™

Early TCAS

In the early days of flight, when air traffic was light and slower moving, pilots

were equipped with all they needed for effective collision avoidance–a sharp

pair of eyes to scan the horizon.

Even today, visual contact is still the surest means of identifying intruder air-

craft. But with more traffic in closer proximity and at higher speeds, today’s

pilots need all the help they can get.

For large commercial airliners, this need led to the development of TCAS II

(Traffic Alert and Collision Avoidance System II). But that technology has

proved to be too expensive and complex for most regional airlines, business,

and general aviation aircraft.

TCAS I

BFGoodrichAvionics Systems, Inc. recognized the need for a viable alterna-

tive and developed their TCAS I. The TCAS791 provides most of the capa-

bilities of TCAS II, but at a significantly lower cost making it practical for

regional airlines, business, and general aviation aircraft. Unlike a TCAS II

system, the TCAS791 does not require a mode S transponder and does not

issue recommendations to climb or descend.

The FAA has mandated TCAS I for all part 135 turbine aircraft seating 10 to

30 passengers. As a result of TCAS791’s effectiveness, it is becoming the

system of choice for business and general aviation pilots who want the en-

hanced peace of mind that TCAS brings.

Proven Experience

BFGoodrichAvionics Systems, Inc. has been involved in the development of

collision warning programs since the early 1980’s. In 1985,Avionics Systems

began development of an enhanced collision warning system for the U.S. Navy

which awarded Avionics Systems a contract for more than 234 systems to be

installed in T-34C training aircraft.

Based largely on the success of the Navy project, Avionics Systems was se-

lected to validate the specifications forTCAS I under anARINC contract with

the FAA. The completion of this contract represented yet another first for the

TCAS791; it was the first TCAS I to be TSO’d, first to receive a full, unre-

stricted STC, first to fly,and first to be delivered.

The TCAS791 meets or exceeds all FAA TCAS I requirements and exceeds

FAA TCAS I & II specifications for range and bearing accuracy.

This success continues the BFGoodrich tradition of aerospace innovation dating

to the earliest days of powered flight when BFG supplied tires for the Glenn

Curtisspusher.Sincethen,BFGoodrichhas developed a wide range of aerospace

products and services including flight instrumentation and avionics.

ATCAS791 Pilot’s Guide

$5.00 U.S.

Methods and apparatus disclosed and described herein have been developed solely on company funds

of BFGoodrich Avionics Systems, Inc. No government or other contractual support or relationship

whatsoever has existed which in any way affects or mitigates proprietary rights of BFGoodrichAvion-

ics Systems, Inc. in these developments. Methods and apparatus disclosed herein may be subject to

U.S. Patents existing or applied for. BFGoodrich Avionics Systems, Inc. reserves the right to add,

BFGoodrich Avionics Systems, Inc.

Eyes That Never Blink™ is a trademark of BFGoodrichAvionics Systems, Inc.

Designed and manufactured in the United States ofAmerica by

Traffic Alert and Collision

Avoidance System I

Model TCAS791

Pilot’s Guide

for the

improve, modify, or withdraw functions, design modifications, or products at any time without notice.

ii TCAS791 Pilot’s Guide

Software Version Information

All references in this guide to standby, look up/look down, altitude display

modes (above, below, and normal), and transmitting from the ground are func-

tions of all TCAS791 systems that have software version 1.3 or higher in their

Transmitter Receiver Computer (TRC). Ignore these references if your TRC

has an earlier version of software. (The software version is identified on a tag

attached to the back of the TRC.)

The following warnings and cautions appear in this guide and are repeated

here for emphasis:

WARNING (pages 2-8 & 2-15)

The TCAS791 alone does not ensure safe flight. You must

still visually scan the airspace around your aircraft fre-

quently. The TCAS791 relies on information obtained from

transponders in nearby aircraft. The TCAS791 does not de-

tect or track aircraft which are not equipped with an oper-

ating ATCRBS transponder.

WARNING (page 2-15)

Do not attempt evasive maneuvers based solely on traffic

information shown on the TCAS791 display. Information

shown on the display is provided to the aircrew only as an

aid in visually acquiring traffic which may impose a colli-

sion threat. It is not a replacement for ATC and the See &

Avoid concept.

CAUTION (page 2-8)

Optimum TCAS791 performance is realized when intruder

aircraft are reporting their altitude (via a mode C or other

altitude reporting transponder).

Safety Summary

Table of Contents Page

List of Illustrations .......................................................................... v

List of Tables ................................................................................... v

Chapter 1 System Description ..................................................... 1-1

General Description................................................................................... 1-1

Major Components .................................................................................... 1-1

DirectionalAntenna ............................................................................... 1-1

L-Band OmnidirectionalAntenna.......................................................... 1-1

Transmitter Receiver Computer (TRC) ................................................. 1-2

Control Display Unit (CDU).................................................................. 1-2

Interaction of Major Components ............................................................. 1-2

Functional Description .............................................................................. 1-4

Features...................................................................................................... 1-4

Chapter 2 Operating Instructions ................................................ 2-1

Controls and Indicators.............................................................................. 2-1

Operating Instructions ............................................................................... 2-8

Preflight Instructions.............................................................................. 2-9

Turn On the TCAS791 ....................................................................... 2-9

Run the Operator-Initiated Self Test................................................... 2-9

Switch Out of Standby ..................................................................... 2-11

Switch Into Standby...................................................................... 2-12

Select the Range ............................................................................... 2-13

Select theAltitude Display Mode..................................................... 2-13

In-Flight Instructions ........................................................................... 2-13

Switch the Range andAltitude Display Mode ................................. 2-13

Observe the Display ......................................................................... 2-14

Respond to Traffic Advisories .......................................................... 2-15

Turn On the TCAS791 While in Flight ............................................ 2-15

Post-Flight Instructions........................................................................ 2-15

Turn Off the TCAS791 ..................................................................... 2-16

Error Messages ........................................................................................ 2-16

TCAS Failed Screens ........................................................................... 2-16

TCAS Failures .................................................................................. 2-16

Barometric Input Failures................................................................. 2-17

Maintenance Codes .............................................................................. 2-17

Chapter 3 Principles of Operation ............................................... 3-1

Introduction ............................................................................................... 3-1

Traffic Advisory (TA) Criteria................................................................... 3-1

Sensitivity Levels................................................................................... 3-2

Sensitivity Level A ............................................................................. 3-2

Definition........................................................................................ 3-2

When It’s Used ............................................................................... 3-3

Sensitivity Level B ............................................................................. 3-3

TCAS791 Pilot’s Guide iii

Table of Contents (Continued) Page

Definition........................................................................................ 3-3

When It’s Used ............................................................................... 3-3

Audio Inhibit, TCAS791........................................................................ 3-3

When It’s Used ................................................................................... 3-3

Audio Inhibit, GPWS............................................................................. 3-4

TA Symbol Duration .............................................................................. 3-4

No-Bearing TAs ..................................................................................... 3-4

Other Factors ThatAffect the Display of Traffic Symbols........................ 3-4

Ground Target Filtering.......................................................................... 3-4

Definition ........................................................................................... 3-4

When It’s Used ................................................................................... 3-4

Interference Limiting ............................................................................. 3-4

Chapter 4 Display Interpretation.................................................. 4-1

Introduction ............................................................................................... 4-1

Chapter 5 Specifications.............................................................. 5-1

Chapter 6 Warranty Information .................................................. 6-1

Introduction ............................................................................................... 6-1

Warranty Statement ................................................................................... 6-1

Related Policies and Procedures................................................................ 6-2

Table of Contents TCAS791

iv Pilot’s Guide

List of Illustrations

Figure Title Page

1-1 TCAS791 Major Components..................................................... 1-1

1-2 Typical Screen on the CD605 Control Display Unit (CDU)....... 1-2

1-3 TCAS791 Simplified Functional Diagram.................................. 1-3

1-4 Protection Zones.......................................................................... 1-5

2-1 Controls and Indicators ............................................................... 2-1

2-2 Display Ranges on the CD605 .................................................... 2-7

2-3 An Alternate Display w/Photocell & Off-CenterAircraft Symbol . 2-8

2-4 Startup Screen ............................................................................. 2-9

2-5 Standby Screen............................................................................ 2-9

2-6 Test Screen ................................................................................ 2-10

2-7 TCAS Failed Screen.................................................................. 2-11

2-8 Standby Screen with Maintenance Code................................... 2-12

2-9 Above Display Mode, 10 nmi Range ........................................ 2-12

2-10 Altitude Display Modes ............................................................ 2-14

2-11 Normal Display Mode, 5 nmi Range ........................................ 2-16

2-12 TCAS Failed/Barometric Input Screen ..................................... 2-17

2-13 Maintenance Code When on the Ground but Not in Standby... 2-17

3-1 TA Protection Zones ifYour Aircraft Has a Radio Altimeter ..... 3-2

4-1 Traffic Advisory and Other Traffic.............................................. 4-1

4-2 Out of Range Traffic Advisory.................................................... 4-1

4-3 No-Bearing Traffic Advisory ...................................................... 4-2

4-4 No-Bearing No-Altitude Traffic Advisory .................................. 4-2

4-5 ProximityAdvisory ..................................................................... 4-2

4-6 TCAS Failed Screen.................................................................... 4-3

4-7 TCAS Failed/Barometric Input Screen ....................................... 4-3

4-8 Standby Screen............................................................................ 4-3

4-9 Out of Standby on the Ground .................................................... 4-4

List of Tables

Table Title Page

2-1 Controls and Indicators ............................................................... 2-1

3-1 Ten Situations in Which a Traffic Advisory Will Occur ............. 3-1

5-1 Transmitter Receiver Computer (TRC) Specifications ............... 5-1

5-2 CD605 Control Display Unit Specifications............................... 5-2

5-3 NY156 TCAS Directional Antenna Specifications ..................... 5-2

5-4 NY152 L-Band Antenna Specifications ...................................... 5-3

TCAS791 Pilot’s Guide v

TCAS791 System Description

Pilot’s Guide 1-1

Chapter 1

System Description

General Description

The BFGoodrichAvionics Systems, Inc. TCAS791 is an airborne Traffic alert

and Collision Avoidance System (TCAS I). It monitors the airspace around

your aircraft and advises the flight crew where to look for nearby transponder-

equipped aircraft that may pose a collision threat. The TCAS791 is intended

for use by regional airlines and corporate and general aviation aircraft. Figure

1-1 shows the major components of the TCAS791.

The TCAS791 displays traffic information on the CD605 Control Display

Unit (CDU) or on a compatible EFIS or IVSI/TCAS display and generates

aural announcements on the cockpit sound system. Traffic information on the

display consists of color-coded symbols and text. The type of information

displayed depends on the type of intruder aircraft, but generally includes the

relative range, bearing, and altitude of intruder aircraft as well as its vertical

speed direction.

TCAS791 Pilot’s Guide

Major Components

The TCAS791 consists of four major components as described below.

Directional Antenna

The directional antenna transmits omnidirectional transponder interroga-

tions and is used as a directional antenna for receiving transponder replies.

L-Band Omnidirectional Antenna

The L-band omnidirectional antenna receives transponder replies.

Figure 1-1. TCAS791 Major Components

CD605 Directional Antenna

TRC L-Band

Omnidirectional

Antenna

System Description TCAS791

1-2 Pilot’s Guide

Transmitter Receiver Computer (TRC)

The TRC is the primary unit of the TCAS791. It contains the circuitry

necessary to convert inputs into aural and visual advisories of intruding

aircraft. TheTRC can track up to 35 intruder aircraft simultaneously. If the

TRC is tracking more than eight intruder aircraft, to reduce clutter, it will

only display the eight most threatening ones. If the TRC is tracking eight

or fewer intruder aircraft, it will display all the intruders. The TRC also

contains Built-In Test Equipment (BITE) which can detect faults or fail-

ures and verify that the TCAS791 is operating properly.

Control Display Unit (CDU)

The CD605 is a self-contained unit that provides display and control func-

tions. The display is a high resolution Cathode RayTube (CRT). The CRT

displays data in three colors: white, cyan (blue), and amber (yellow) on a

black background. (See figure 1-2.)

You may choose to display TCAS information on a compatible EFIS or

IVSI/TCAS display in lieu of, or in addition to the CD605. The alternate

displays provide display functions similar to the CD605, but require dis-

crete switches mounted in the cockpit.

Interaction of Major Components

Figure 1-3 shows how the major components of theTCAS791 connect to each

other and to other aircraft systems.

Notes on Figure 1-3:

1. You can use the TCAS791 without a radio altitude input,

but when you’re flying at low altitudes, you may see more

Figure 1-2.Typical Screen on the CD605 Control Display Unit (CDU)

TCAS791 System Description

Pilot’s Guide 1-3

Intruder Aircraft

Aircraft

Audio

System

Avionics

Dimmer

Aircraft

Power

Discrete

Switches If

Using an

Alternate

Display

Alternate

Display

(Compatible

EFIS or IVSI)

Directional

Antenna

Diagnostic Commands

& Status (RS-232)

Radio

Altimeter

Transponder

Replies

Diagnostic

Equipment

Squat

Switch

GPWS

Landing Gear

Position

Switch

Aircraft

Compass

System

Aircraft

Suppression

Bus

Encoding

Altimeter

Radio Altitude

1,2

Barometric Altitude

Control

TCAS791

TRC

605 Display

Display (Arinc 429)

Avionics Dimming

28 V dc

AuralTA's

Heading

TX/RX Inhibit

Landing Gear Position

Audio Inhibit

Weight On Wheels

Intruder Aircraft

Transponder

Interrogations

& Replies

Transponder

Interrogations Transponder

Replies

Transponder

Replies

L-Band

Omnidirectional

Antenna

Figure 1-3. TCAS791 Simplified Functional Diagram

nuisance traffic alerts (from aircraft on the ground that have

their transponders on).

2. An air data computer, LNAV system, GPS, or other Arinc

429 output device may replace individual analog sensors

for supplying radio and barometric altitude, and heading.

3. The TCAS791 may be installed on an aircraft with a fixed

landing gear. The only operational difference occurs when

you don’t have a radio altitude input. In that case, the

TCAS791 defaults to using the highestTA sensitivity level

regardless of your phase of flight.

4. This audio inhibit input is only required if you have a

Ground Proximity Warning System installed.

5. The avionics dimming input and the diagnostic RS-232 in-

put/output are not required for normalTCAS791 operation.

6. The Arinc 429 display output is only used if you connect

the TRC to an alternate display.

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