Aruba Networks AP-175DC Manuel utilisateur

Aruba AP-175 Outdoor Access Point

Installation Guide

0510795-01 | September 2010 1

The Aruba AP-175 is a resilient, environmentally hardened, outdoor rated, dual-radio, dual-band IEEE

802.11 a/b/g/n wireless access point. This outdoor access point is part of Aruba’s comprehensive wireless

network solution. The AP-175 works only in conjunction with an Aruba controller and each AP can be

centrally managed, configured, and upgraded through the controller.

There are three versions of the AP-175, which mainly differ in the way they receive power.

zAP-175P: PoE+ powered (802.3at)

zAP-175AC: AC powered (100 - 240 VAC)

zAP-175DC: DC powered (12 - 48 VDC)

Guide Overview

z"AP-175 Hardware Overview" on page2 provides a detailed hardware overview of the three AP-175

models.

z"Outdoor Planning and Deployment Considerations" on page5 provides key questions to ask and items

to consider when deploying an outdoor wireless network.

z"Installing the AP-175" on page9 describes the multi-step process for a successful installation and

deployment of an AP-175.

z"Safety and Regulatory Compliance" on page15 provides an overview of safety and regulatory

compliance information.

AP-175 Operations

zWireless access point (IEEE 802.11 a/b/g/n)

zWireless air monitor (IEEE 802.11 a/b/g/n)

zEnterprise mesh point

zEnterprise mesh portal

zProtocol-independent networking functionality

zAP-175P: IEEE 802.3at Power over Ethernet+ (PoE+) compatible

zAP-175AC and AP-175DC: IEEE 802.3af Power Sourcing Equipment (PSE) device

NOTE

The AP-175AC/DC can function as a Power Sourcing Equipment (PSE) device by providing power through its

Ethernet port in compliance with the IEEE 802.3af standard.

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2Aruba AP-175 Outdoor Access Point | Installation Guide

Package Contents

zAP-175 Access Point

zAP-175 Mounting Bracket

zSolar Shield

zPole Anchors x 2

zM4 x 16 bolts, flat washers, and spring washers x4 (These bolts are attached to the solar shield)

zM6 x 30 bolts, flat washers, and spring washers x2

zM4 x 12 bolt, external-tooth washer, and OT copper lug x1

zM8 x 110 bolt, flat washers, spring washers, and nuts x4

zInstallation Guide

AP-175 Hardware Overview

The following section describes the hardware features of the AP-175.

Figure 1 AP-175 Overview

NOTE

Inform your supplier if there are any incorrect, missing, or damaged parts. If possible, retain the carton, including

the original packing materials. Use these materials to repack and return the unit to the supplier if needed.

1 Antenna Interface (Radio 1) 5 Antenna Interface (Radio 0)

2 USB Console Interface 6 Antenna Interface (Radio 1)

3 Reserved (AP-175P) or

Power Interface (AP-175AC and AP-175DC)

7 Ethernet Interface (PoE)

4 Antenna Interface (Radio 0) 8 Grounding Point

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Aruba AP-175 Outdoor Access Point | Installation Guide 3

Antenna Interface

The AP-175 requires the use of detachable outdoor-rated antennas. Select the correct antenna type to

support the required frequency band (2.4 or 5 GHz) and the desired coverage pattern.

The AP-175 is equipped with four, female N-type antenna interfaces; two on the top of the AP and two on

the bottom. The interfaces are grouped into diversity pairs, one pair is marked R0 (Radio 0) and the other

pair marked as R1 (Radio 1). R0 supports the 5 GHz frequency band and R1 supports the 2.4 GHz radio

band.

USB Console Interface

A USB serial console port is provided for connection to a terminal, allowing direct local management. Use

the following setting to access the terminal:

Power Interface

The type of power interface on your AP-175 depends on which model you have purchased.

zAP-175P: This version does not include a power interface since it is only powered by PoE+ (802.3at).

zAP-175AC: 1x AC power connector

zAP-175DC: 1x DC power connector

Ethernet Interface

The AP-175 is equipped with a 10/100/1000Base-T Gigabit Ethernet port for wired network connectivity. On

the AP-175P, this port also supports IEEE 802.3at Power over Ethernet (PoE), accepting 48 VDC as a

standards-defined powered device (PD) from a power sourcing equipment (PSE) device, such as a PoE

midspan injector. Inversely, the AP-175AC and AP-175DC can act as a PSE device to provide IEEE802.3af

PoE power to devices connected to the Ethernet port.

Grounding Point

Always remember to protect your AP-175 by installing grounding lines. The ground connection must be

complete before connecting power to the AP-175 enclosure. Ensure that the resistance is less than 5 ohm

between the ground termination point and the grounding tier.

LED Status Indicators

The AP-175 include visual indicators for power, link, and radio status. Additionally, each radio has a four-

LED array that indicates received signal strength (RSSI).

Table 1 Console Settings

Baud Rate Data Bits Parity Stop Bits Flow Control

9600 8 None 1 None

NOTE

The RSSI LED indicators represent varying degrees in the RSSI level. The absence of a signal is indicated by no

LED response, and full signal strength is indicated when all four LEDs are active and lit.

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4Aruba AP-175 Outdoor Access Point | Installation Guide

Figure 2 LED Layout

Table 2 lists the meanings of the LEDs on the AP-175 outdoor access points.

Table 2 AP-175 LED Status Indicators

LED Function Indicator Status

P/S AP Power/Ready

Status Off No power to AP

Blinking Device booting, not ready

On Device ready

ENT LAN/Network Link

Status Off Ethernet link unavailable

On (Amber) 10/100 Mbs Ethernet link

negotiated

On (Green) 1000 Mbs Ethernet link negotiated

Blinking Traffic on Ethernet link

R0 Radio 0 Status Off Radio 0 disabled

On (Amber) Radio 0 enabled in WLAN mode

Blinking Air Monitor (AM) mode

R1 Radio 1 Status Off Radio 1disabled

On (Blue) Radio 1 enabled in WLAN mode

Blinking Air Monitor (AM) mode

RSSI (Radio 0) RSSI Level for

Radio 0 Off RSSI disabled/no signal

4 Step Progressive

Bars (Red)

25/50/75/100%

Each bar represents a progressive

increase in signal strength, with 4

bars representing maximum signal

strength (100%).

Minimum data rate: One lit LEDs

Maximum data rate: Four lit LEDs

RSSI (Radio 1) RSSI Level for

Radio 1 Off RSSI disabled/no signal

4 Step Progressive

Bars (Blue)

25/50/75/100%

Each bar represents a progressive

increase in signal strength, with 4

bars representing maximum signal

strength (100%).

Minimum data rate: One lit LEDs

Maximum data rate: Four lit LEDs

P/S ENT

RSSI for Radio 1

RSSI for Radio 0

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Aruba AP-175 Outdoor Access Point | Installation Guide 5

Outdoor Planning and Deployment Considerations

Prior to deploying an outdoor wireless network, the environment must be evaluated to plan for a successful

Aruba WLAN deployment. Successfully evaluating the environment enables the proper selection of Aruba

APs and antennas and assists in the determination of their placement for optimal RF coverage. This process

is considered WLAN or RF planning and Aruba’s system engineers can assist in the outdoor planning

process.

Scale Requirements

The potentially immense scale of outdoor deployments requires consideration of factors that may not be as

important in a typical indoor deployment:

zRange (distance): Range or distance between APs must be taken into account during the planning phase.

Available AP mounting locations are often far less flexible in an outdoor environment. Regardless of

these outdoor restrictions, the desired goal is to achieve results similar to an indoor deployment: a

“dense” RF deployment that supports advanced Aruba features, such as ARM, efficient client roaming,

and failover.

zElevation: Proper consideration and planning for elevation differences between APs (AP to AP) and AP

to Client can be critical to success. To plan for these differences in elevation, it is important to

understand the 3D coverage pattern provided by the antennas that will be deployed in the environment.

zNon-Fixed Considerations: The RF environment might change on a day to day basis. Keep non-fixed

items, such as shipping containers, vehicles, and future building construction, in mind when planning for

an outdoor deployment.

Identifying Known RF Absorbers/Reflectors/Interferences Sources

Identifying known RF absorbers/reflectors/interference sources while out in the field during the installation

phase is critical. Even though outdoor environments consist of fewer RF absorbers/reflectors/interference

sources compared to indoor environments, ensure that these sources are identified and taken into

consideration when installing and mounting an AP to its fixed outdoor location.

RF Absorbers

zCement/Concrete

zNatural Items: Trees/vegetation

zBrick

RF Reflectors

zMetal Objects: Roof-installed air-conditioning equipment, chain link fences (depending on aperture

size), other wire fences, or water pipes

RF Interference Sources

zOther 802.11a/b/g/n or broadband access equipment operating nearby

zIndustrial RF welding equipment or other Industrial, Scientific and Medical (ISM) equipment that utilizes

RF to heat or alter the physical properties of materials

zMilitary, Commercial Aviation or Weather Radar Systems

Line of Sight (Radio Path Planning)

A wireless bridge or mesh link requires a “radio line of sight” between the two antennas for optimum

performance. The concept of radio line of sight involves the area along a link through which the bulk of the

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6Aruba AP-175 Outdoor Access Point | Installation Guide

radio signal power travels. This area is known as the first Fresnel Zone of the radio link. For a radio link, no

object (including the ground) must intrude within 60% of the first Fresnel Zone.

Figure 3 illustrates the concept of a good radio line of sight.

Figure 3 Line of Sight

If there are obstacles in the radio path, there may still be a radio link but the quality and strength of the

signal will be affected. Calculating the maximum clearance from objects on a path is important as it directly

affects the decision on antenna placement and height. It is especially critical for long-distance links, where

the radio signal could easily be lost.

When planning the radio path for a wireless bridge or mesh link, consider these factors:

zAvoid any partial line of sight between the antennas

zBe cautious of trees or other foliage that may be near the path, or may grow and obstruct the path.

zBe sure there is enough clearance from buildings and that no building construction may eventually block

the path.

zFor very long distance links, the curvature of the earth (20 cm per km) may need to be considered in the

calculation of relative heights.

zCheck the topology of the land between the antennas using topographical maps, aerial photos, or even

satellite image data (software packages are available that may include this information for your area)

zAvoid a path that may incur temporary blockage due to the movement of cars, trains, or aircraft.

Antenna Height

A reliable wireless bridge or mesh link is usually best achieved by mounting the antennas at each end high

enough for a clear radio line of sight between them. The minimum height required depends on the distance

of the link, obstacles that may be in the path, topology of the terrain, and the curvature of the earth (for

links over 3 miles).

For long-distance links, the AP may have to be mounted on masts or poles that are tall enough to attain the

minimum required clearance. Use the following table to estimate the required minimum clearance above

the ground or path obstruction (for 5 GHz bridge links).

Table 3 Antenna Minimum Height and Clearance Requirements

Total Link Distance

Max Clearance for

60% of First Fresnel

Zone at 5.8 GHz

Approximate Clearance

for Earth Curvature

Total Clearance

Required at

Mid-point of Link

0.25 mile (0.402 km) 4.6 ft (1.4 m) 0.007 ft (0.002 m) 4.6 ft (1.4 m)

0.5 mile (0.805 km) 6.2 ft (1.9 m) 0.03 ft (0.010 m) 6.2 ft (1.9 m)

Radio Line of Sight

Visual Line of Sight

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Aruba AP-175 Outdoor Access Point | Installation Guide 7

Figure 4 Antenna Height and Line of Sight

A wireless bridge or mesh link is deployed to connect building A to building B, which is located three miles

(4.8 km) away. Mid-way between the two buildings is a small tree-covered hill. From the above table it can

be seen that for a three-mile link, the object clearance required at the mid-point is 5.3 m (17.4 ft). The tree

tops on the hill are at an elevation of 17 m (56 ft), so the antennas at each end of the link need to be at least

22.3 m (73 ft) high. Building A is six stories high, or 20 m (66 ft), so a 2.3 m (7.5 ft) mast or pole must be

constructed on its roof to achieve the required antenna height. Building B is only three stories high, or 9 m

(30 ft), but is located at an elevation that is 12 m (39 ft) higher than building A. To mount an antenna at the

required height on building B, a mast or pole of 1.3 m (4.3 ft) is needed.

1 mile (1.6 km) 8.9 ft (2.7 m) 0.13 ft (0.04 m) 8.9 ft (2.7 m)

2 miles (3.2 km) 12.5 ft (3.8 m) 0.5 ft (0.15 m) 13.1 ft (4.0 m)

3 miles (4.8 km) 15.4 ft (4.7 m) 1.0 ft (0.3 m) 16.4 ft (5.0 m)

4 miles (6.4 km) 17.7 ft (5.4 m) 2.0 ft (0.6 m) 19.7 ft (6.0 m)

5 miles (8 km) 20 ft (6.1 m) 3.0 ft (0.9 m) 23 ft (7.0 m)

7 miles (11.3 km) 23.6 ft (7.2 m) 6.2 ft (1.9 m) 30 ft (9.1 m)

9 miles (14.5 km) 27 ft (8.2 m) 10.2 ft (3.1 m) 37 ft (11.3 m)

12 miles (19.3 km) 30.8 ft (9.4 m) 18.0 ft (5.5 m) 49 ft (14.9 m)

15 miles (24.1 km) 34.4 ft (10.5 m) 28.0 ft (8.5 m) 62.7 ft (19.1 m)

Table 3 Antenna Minimum Height and Clearance Requirements

Total Link Distance

Max Clearance for

60% of First Fresnel

Zone at 5.8 GHz

Approximate Clearance

for Earth Curvature

Total Clearance

Required at

Mid-point of Link

NOTE

To avoid any obstruction along the path, the height of the object must be added to the minimum clearance required

for a clear radio line of sight. Consider the following simple example, illustrated in Figure 4.

3 miles (4.8 km)

5.4 m

17 m

20 m

2.4 m

12 m

1.4 m

Radio Line of Sight

Visual Line of Sight

CAUTION

Never construct a radio mast, pole, or tower near overhead power lines.

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Antenna Position and Orientation

Once the required antenna height has been determined, other factors affecting the precise position of the

wireless bridge or mesh link must be considered:

zBe sure there are no other radio antennas within 2 m (6 ft) of the wireless bridge or mesh link. These

include other WiFi radio antennas.

zPlace the wireless bridge or mesh link away from power and telephone lines.

zAvoid placing the wireless bridge or mesh link too close to any metallic reflective surfaces, such as roof-

installed air-conditioning equipment, tinted windows, wire fences, or water pipes. Ensure that there is at

least 5 feet clearance from such objects.

zThe wireless bridge or mesh link antennas at both ends of the link must be positioned with the same

polarization direction, either horizontal or vertical. Proper alignment helps to maximize throughput.

Radio Interference

The avoidance of radio interference is an important part of wireless link planning. Interference is caused by

other radio transmissions using the same or an adjacent channel frequency. You should first scan your

proposed site using a spectrum analyzer to determine if there are any strong radio signals using the 802.11a/

b/g channel frequencies. Always use a channel frequency that is furthest away from another signal.

If radio interference is still a problem with your wireless bridge or mesh link, changing the antenna

direction may improve the situation.

Weather Conditions

When planning wireless bridge or mesh links, you must take into account any extreme weather conditions

that are known to affect your location. Consider these factors:

zTemperature: The wireless bridge or mesh link is tested for normal operation in temperatures from

-. Operating in temperatures outside of this range may cause the unit to fail.

zWind Velocity: The wireless bridge or mesh link can operate in winds up to. You must consider the

known maximum wind velocity and direction at the site and be sure that any supporting structure, such

as a pole, mast, or tower, is built to withstand this force.

zLightning: Rain: The wireless bridge or mesh link is weatherproofed against rain. However, it is

recommended to apply weatherproof sealing tape around the Ethernet port and antenna connectors for

extra protection. If moisture enters a connector, it may cause a degradation in performance or even a

complete failure of the link.

zSnow and Ice: Falling snow, like rain, has no significant effect on the radio signal. However, a buildup of

snow or ice on antennas may cause the link to fail. In this case, the snow or ice has to be cleared from

the antennas to restore operation of the link.

NOTE

Local regulations may limit or prevent construction of a high radio mast or tower. If your wireless bridge or mesh link

requires a high radio mast or tower, consult a professional contractor for advice.

CAUTION

An Aruba Lightning Arrestor, AP-LAR-1, must be installed on each antenna port for protection against lightning

induced surges. Failure to use an AP-LAR-1 can void the warranty of an Aruba outdoor AP model and renders the

AP susceptible to failure from lightning induced surges

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Aruba AP-175 Outdoor Access Point | Installation Guide 9

Ethernet Cabling

When a suitable antenna location has been determined, you must plan a cable route from the wireless

bridge or mesh link outdoors to a suitable power and/or network source.

Consider these points:

zThe Ethernet cable length should never be longer than 90 m (295 ft).

zDetermine a building entry point for the cable (if applicable).

zDetermine if conduits, bracing, or other structures are required for safety or protection of the cable.

zFor lightning protection at the power injector end of the cable, consider using a lightning arrestor

immediately before the cable enters the building

Grounding

It is important that the wireless bridge or mesh link, cables, and any supporting structures are properly

grounded. Each AP-175 access point includes a grounding screw for attaching a ground wire. Be sure that

grounding is available and that it meets local and national electrical codes. Ground the access point first

using the external ground stud on the unit before making any other connection.

Installing the AP-175

The AP-175 can be installed on a wall or attached to a pole. The following section describes how to attach

the necessary hardware to the AP and how to mount the AP in the selected location.

Selecting the Installation Site

zThe site should be located within at least a 60% range of the 1st fresnel zone without obstacles to provide

line of sight (LOS) transmission, increase coverage capacity, and minimize the number of necessary

sites.

zIf no LOS is secured, areas in non-line-of-sight (NLOS) areas could be covered as well, but the distance

of coverage and area of coverage are decreased; more sites are needed to provide coverage for same

area than in the LOS scenario.

zInterference must be considered in site selection. The new site should avoid known interference, unless

the interference is controllable.

zKeep the AP-175 away from places that are susceptible to high temperature, dust, harmful gas,

inflammable, explosive, electromagnetic interference (high power radar, radio station and transformer),

unstable voltage, heavy vibration, or loud noise. In engineering design, the site should be selected

according to the network planning and technical requirements of communications equipment, as well as

the considerations such as climate, hydrology, geology, earthquake, electric power, and transportation.

Installing the AP-175 on a Pole

1. Attach the AP-175 on the mounting bracket using the two M6 x30 bolts (with flat and spring washers) on

each side of the mounting bracket.

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10 Aruba AP-175 Outdoor Access Point | Installation Guide

Figure 5 Attaching the mounting bracket to the AP

2. Attach the mounting bracket (with AP-175) on the pole using four M8 x110 bolts (with flat washers,

spring washers and nuts) and the pair of pole anchors.

Figure 6 Attaching the mounting bracket to the pole

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